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When free-flowing
powders are being filled, a method of cutting off the powder supply
is required. Usually, the best method of achieving this objective
is to use a "spinner disc" as shown alongside. Attached to the protruding
auger end is a spinner disc, a saucer shaped disc designed to retain
the product flow. All powders have an angle of repose, the angle
at which a collapsing heap of powder will come to rest rather than
continue to spread outwards: the angle (top enclosed angle)
for small smooth spherical beads would be much greater than, for
instance, granulated sugar. The distance between the bottom of the
funnel and the spinner disc is determined by the powder dosing rate,
i.e.; the gap needed to permit unrestricted product flow. The spinner
disc is sized to prevent the powder trickling over the rim of the
disc once the auger has stopped, taking into account this gap and
the powder's angle of repose. As the spinner disc throws the powder
outwards, a simple collection cone funnels it down to an appropriate
size. The spinner disc approach achieves a perfectly clean fill
without expensive shut-off valves and complicated pneumatic/moving
parts.
The size of
the auger and funnel is determined by a number of factors: fill
weight, dosing rate, accuracy and container neck opening. The smaller
the auger/funnel, the slower the dosing rate but greater the
accuracy. Conversely, a larger auger delivers more quickly but less
accurately. Where a wide range of fill weights are required, more
than one auger/funnel set may be required to achieve the required
combination of speed and accuracy. As a rule of thumb, a ratio of
5:1 for each set may be considered appropriate. Accordingly, if
a range of weights from 10g to 1 kilo+ was required, three tooling
sets would probably suffice; one small set for weights of 10g to
50g, a second for 50g to 250g and a large set for 250g to 1.25 kilo.
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